> For clean Markdown of any page, append .md to the page URL.
> For a complete documentation index, see https://ocient.ferndocs.com/llms.txt.
> For AI client integration (Claude Code, Cursor, etc.), connect to the MCP server at https://ocient.ferndocs.com/_mcp/server.

# SQL Reference

> Access Ocient SQL reference guide, covering syntax, commands, and examples for effective querying.

This SQL Reference section includes details about the different data types, functions, and operators available when writing queries for Ocient®. For an introduction to the general query syntax and working with queries in Ocient, see [**Query Ocient**](/guides/query-ocient).

For information on the SQL syntax conventions used throughout the Ocient documentation, see the [**SQL Syntax Conventions**](/guides/query-ocient/general-sql-syntax/sql-syntax-conventions) page.

## **Data Types**

* [**Data Types**](/guides/sql-reference/data-types)

## **Functions & Operators**

* [**Aggregate Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/aggregate-functions)
* [**Sorted Aggregate Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/sorted-aggregate-functions)
* [**Window Aggregate Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/window-aggregate-functions)
* [**Scalar Data Conversion Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/scalar-data-conversion-functions)
* [**Date and Time Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/date-and-time-functions)
* [**Time Zone Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/time-zone-functions)
* [**Formatting Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/formatting-functions)
* [**Math Functions and Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/math-functions-and-operators)
* [**Character and Binary Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/character-and-binary-functions)
* [**Matrix Functions and Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/matrix-functions-and-operators)
* [**Tuple Functions and Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/tuple-functions-and-operators)
* [**Other Functions and Expressions**](/guides/sql-reference/other-functions-and-expressions)
* [**Array Functions and Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/array-functions-and-operators)
* [**HyperLogLog Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/hyperloglog-functions)
* [**Network Type Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/network-type-functions)

## **Geospatial Functions & Operators**

* [**Attribute Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/attribute-functions)
* [**Conversion Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/conversion-functions)
* [**Linestring Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/linestring-functions)
* [**Linestring Constructors**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/linestring-constructors)
* [**Point Constructors**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/point-constructors)
* [**Polygon Constructors**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/polygon-constructors)
* [**Spatial Measurement**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/spatial-measurement)
* [**Spatial Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/spatial-operators)
* [**Spatial Relationships**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/spatial-relationships)
* [**Spatiotemporal Measurement**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/spatiotemporal-measurement)
* [**Spatiotemporal Operators**](/guides/sql-reference/geospatial-functions/spatiotemporal-operators)

## **DDL SQL Statements**

* [**Cluster and Node Management**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/cluster-and-node-management)
* [**Databases**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/databases)
* [**Schemas**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/schemas)
* [**Tables**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/tables)
* [**Indexes**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/indexes)
* [**Data Pipelines**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/data-pipelines)
* [**Distributed Tasks**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/distributed-tasks)
* [**Machine Learning Models**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/machine-learning-models)
* [**Users, Groups, and Service Classes**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/users-groups-and-service-classes)
* [**Data Integrity and Storage**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/data-integrity-and-storage)
* [**Query Analysis**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/query-analysis)
* [**Query Management**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/query-management)
* [**Statistics Cache Management**](/guides/sql-reference/data-definition-language-ddl-statement-reference/statistics-cache-management)

## **DCL SQL Statements**

* [**Data Control Language (DCL) Statement Reference**](/guides/sql-reference/data-control-language-dcl-statement-reference)

## **Machine Learning Execution**

* [**Machine Learning Model Functions**](/guides/sql-reference/machine-learning-model-functions)

## **Other SQL Reference**

* [**Errors and Warnings**](/guides/sql-reference/errors-and-warnings)
* [**Reserved Words**](/guides/sql-reference/reserved-words)
* [**System Catalog Reference**](/guides/sql-reference/system-catalog-reference)